What are the different classifications of atrial fibrillation (AF) based on the duration of episodes?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is classified into five categories based on the duration of episodes: paroxysmal, persistent, long-standing persistent, permanent, and nonvalvular. Paroxysmal AF lasts less than 7 days, persistent AF lasts longer than 7 days, long-standing persistent AF lasts more than 12 months, and permanent AF is when the patient remains in AF with no intention to restore sinus rhythm.

AF is categorized as follows: Paroxysmal AF involves episodes that last less than 7 days and revert to sinus rhythm. Persistent AF lasts longer than 7 days but does not exceed 12 months. Long-standing persistent AF is sustained for more than 12 months. Permanent AF is characterized by the patient remaining in AF, with a decision made not to restore or maintain sinus rhythm. Nonvalvular AF occurs without mitral valve disease or repair.