What is the difference between osteoporosis and osteopenia as described in the chapter?

Osteoporosis is characterized by a significant loss of bone density and increased bone porosity, often associated with aging. Osteopenia, on the other hand, indicates thinner-than-average bone density and serves as a warning sign for potential future development of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is defined as a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity, which commonly occurs with aging. In contrast, osteopenia refers to a condition where bone density is lower than average but not yet at the level of osteoporosis. Individuals with osteopenia have a higher risk of progressing to osteoporosis if preventive measures are not taken.