The two major types of immune defenses are innate immunity and acquired immunity. Innate immunity includes barriers that prevent pathogens from entering the body, while acquired immunity specifically identifies and destroys pathogens after they have entered.

Innate immunity is present at birth and acts as a first line of defense with barriers such as skin and mucous membranes. It is nonspecific and does not differentiate between types of pathogens. Acquired immunity develops after birth and is specific to particular pathogens, utilizing unique cells and processes to destroy them. This type of immunity includes the actions of lymphocytes, such as B cells and T cells, which are crucial for the immune response.

Key points

Innate immunity provides nonspecific barriers against pathogens.
Acquired immunity develops after exposure to specific pathogens.
B cells and T cells are key components of acquired immunity.
Innate immunity acts immediately, while acquired immunity has a memory component for faster responses upon re-exposure.

What are the two major types of immune defenses described in the chapter on Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems?

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