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What are the three major concepts of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS)?

The three major concepts of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS) are symptoms, influencing factors, and performance outcomes.

Key points

  • The TOUS focuses on subjectively perceived symptoms.
  • Influencing factors affect the experience of symptoms.
  • Performance outcomes relate to how symptoms impact functioning.
Source:Middle Range Theory for Nursing· Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms· p. 196–222

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Cover of Middle Range Theory for Nursing

Middle Range Theory for Nursing

Mary Jane Smith, PhD, RN, FAAN,Patricia R. Liehr, PhD, RN

Fourth Edition · Springer Publishing Company, LLC

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