Middle Range Theory for Nursing
Mary Jane Smith, PhD, RN, FAAN,Patricia R. Liehr, PhD, RN
Fourth Edition
Questions & Answers from this book
Questions and answers are connected to the referenced book and its available source material.
Chapter 1: Disciplinary Perspectives Linked to Middle Range Theory
What are the key concepts associated with the Theory of Meaning as discussed in the chapter?
The key concepts associated with the Theory of Meaning include life purpose, freedom to choose, and suffering. Additionally, practice approaches involve dereflection, paradoxical intention, and Socratic dialogue.
How has the Bureaucratic Caring theory been applied in the U.S. Air Force according to the chapter?
The Bureaucratic Caring theory has been adopted by the U.S. Air Force as a foundation for an interdisciplinary practice model.
Chapter 2: Understanding Middle Range Theory by Moving Up and Down the Ladder of Abstraction
How does the unitary-transformative paradigm relate to the concepts of middle range theory discussed in this chapter?
The unitary-transformative paradigm relates to middle range theory by emphasizing the integral connection between individuals and their environments, suggesting that people can find meaning even in challenging situations. This paradigm underpins the middle range theory of Self-Transcendence, which highlights the capacity for awareness beyond physical and temporal limits.
What are the assumptions of the Self-Transcendence middle range theory developed by Reed?
The assumptions of the Self-Transcendence middle range theory developed by Reed include that individuals are integral and coextensive with their environment and possess an awareness that transcends physical and temporal limitations.
Chapter 3: Evaluation of Middle Range Theories for the Discipline of Nursing
What are the key assumptions of the Theory of Transitions as described in the chapter?
The key assumptions of the Theory of Transitions include the centrality of transitions to nursing practice, the reciprocity of the nurse/client relationship, and the complexity of patterns and processes involved in transitions.
How does the Self-Efficacy theory apply to practice at the empirical level according to the chapter?
The Self-Efficacy theory applies to practice at the empirical level by facilitating patient learning about exercise, addressing unpleasant sensations, and providing cues to encourage physical activity. It emphasizes the reciprocal interactive process where individuals influence their behaviors based on their self-efficacy expectations and outcomes.
Chapter 5: Theory of Meaning
What are the five criteria for evaluating middle range theories in nursing as discussed in the chapter?
The five criteria for evaluating middle range theories in nursing are: 1) empirical adequacy, which assesses the maturity of the theory through its empirical indicators; 2) evidence of the theory's application in practice; 3) published research related to the theory; 4) the theory's evolution through scholarly inquiry; and 5) the theory's ability to provoke thought and dialogue within the nursing community.
What are the two types of coping strategies employed when uncertainty is appraised as danger versus opportunity according to the RUIT?
The two types of coping strategies employed when uncertainty is appraised as danger versus opportunity are: coping with a danger appraisal, which involves activities aimed at reducing uncertainty and managing associated emotions, and coping with an opportunity appraisal, which focuses on maintaining uncertainty.
What are the three major concepts of Frankl's Theory of Meaning as discussed in the chapter?
The three major concepts of Frankl's Theory of Meaning are life purpose, freedom to choose, and human suffering.
Chapter 7: Theory of Self-Transcendence
What are the four ways in which self-transcendence can be expressed according to the Theory of Self-Transcendence?
Self-transcendence can be expressed in four ways: intrapersonally, interpersonally, temporally, and transpersonally. These expressions involve greater awareness of one's values and philosophy, relating to others and the environment, integrating past and future experiences, and connecting with dimensions beyond the observable world.
What are the indicators of well-being as defined in the Theory of Self-Transcendence?
Indicators of well-being in the Theory of Self-Transcendence include life satisfaction, positive self-concept, hopefulness, happiness, morale, self-care, and a sense of meaning in life. These indicators reflect diverse human perceptions of health and wellness, and self-transcendence is linked to positive experiences that promote well-being.
What are the key components of the Theory of Self-Transcendence as discussed in the chapter?
The key components of the Theory of Self-Transcendence include the capacity to expand personal boundaries in various dimensions, the integral relationship between individuals and their environment, and the developmental imperative of self-transcendence as a resource for well-being. The theory emphasizes connections with self, others, and the environment, and is applicable across the lifespan, particularly in the context of challenging life experiences.
Chapter 8: Theory of Symptom Management
Chapter 9: Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms
What are the three major concepts of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS)?
The three major concepts of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS) are symptoms, influencing factors, and performance outcomes.
How do physiological, psychological, and situational factors interact to influence the symptom experience according to the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms?
According to the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms, physiological, psychological, and situational factors interact to influence the symptom experience by affecting the severity and distress associated with symptoms. The combination of these factors can lead to a more intense symptom experience than any single factor alone. For example, a late-stage illness, depressive mood, and lack of social support can collectively exacerbate symptoms.
What are the key components of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms as discussed in this chapter?
The Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS) includes three key components: symptoms, influencing factors, and performance outcomes. Symptoms are defined as the subjectively perceived indicators of changes in normal functioning. Influencing factors encompass various biological, psychological, and environmental elements that can affect symptom experience. Performance outcomes refer to how symptoms impact an individual's ability to perform daily activities and overall quality of life.
Chapter 10: Theory of Self-Efficacy
What are the four informational sources that Bandura suggested influence self-efficacy judgments?
The four informational sources that Bandura suggested influence self-efficacy judgments are: (a) enactive attainment, (b) vicarious experience, (c) verbal persuasion, and (d) physiological state.
What are the four main sources of self-efficacy according to the Theory of Self-Efficacy?
The four main sources of self-efficacy according to the Theory of Self-Efficacy are: (1) enactive attainment, which is the actual performance of a behavior; (2) vicarious experience, or observing others perform the behavior; (3) verbal persuasion, which involves encouragement from others; and (4) physiological feedback, which relates to the physical sensations experienced during the behavior.
Chapter 11: Story Theory
What are the core concepts of Story Theory as described by Smith and Liehr?
The core concepts of Story Theory include intentional dialogue, connecting with self-in-relation, and creating ease. Intentional dialogue involves purposeful engagement to explore a person's health challenges. Connecting with self-in-relation emphasizes the relationship between the individual and their experiences, while creating ease refers to the acceptance of one's entire story as a pathway to understanding and healing.
How did the study by Songwathana and Liehr (2015) utilize story theory to explore the experiences of a Muslim woman after abrupt widowhood?
The study by Songwathana and Liehr (2015) utilized story theory to explore the experiences of a Muslim woman after abrupt widowhood by conducting a story-guided content analysis. They identified four approaches she took to cope with her situation: accepting support from friends and family, connecting with her Muslim faith, focusing on her children's well-being, and reaching out to other widows.
Chapter 12: Theory of Transitions
What are the four types of transitions identified in Meleis's Transitions Theory?
The four types of transitions identified in Meleis's Transitions Theory are developmental transitions, health and illness transitions, situational transitions, and organizational transitions.
What are the three nursing therapeutics measures described by Schumacher and Meleis for managing transitions?
The three nursing therapeutic measures described by Schumacher and Meleis for managing transitions are assessment of readiness, preparation for transition, and role supplementation.
Chapter 13: Theory of Self-Reliance
Chapter 14: Theory of Cultural Marginality
What are the four response patterns for easing cultural tension according to the Theory of Cultural Marginality?
The four response patterns for easing cultural tension according to the Theory of Cultural Marginality are assimilation, reconstructed return, poise, and integration.
What are the four adjustment response patterns identified in the Theory of Cultural Marginality?
The four adjustment response patterns identified in the Theory of Cultural Marginality are assimilation, reconstructed return, poise, and integration.
Chapter 16: Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness
What are the three criteria required for effective self-care monitoring according to the Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness?
The three criteria required for effective self-care monitoring are: clinically significant changes in the condition must be possible over time, a method of reliably detecting these changes must exist, and a reasonable action must be possible in response.
What is the primary means of caring for chronic illnesses according to the Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness?
The primary means of caring for chronic illnesses according to the Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness is through self-care, which encompasses self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management. These components involve maintaining health through health-promoting practices, systematically monitoring symptoms, and managing the illness effectively.
Chapter 18: Nature Immersion: A Concept for Nursing Research
Chapter 19: Sheltering-in-Place: A Concept for Nursing Research
Chapter 20: Yearning for Sleep While Enduring Distress: From Concept Building to Research Proposal Development
Chapter 21: Reconceptualizing Normal: From Concept Building to Proposal Development
Chapter 22: Middle Range Theory: Spinning Research and Practice to Create Knowledge for the New Millennium
Chapter 23: Middle Range Theory: A Perspective on Development and Use
Chapter 24: Appendix: Published Middle Range Theories 1988–2017
What are the six criteria mentioned for critiquing middle range theories in nursing?
The six criteria for critiquing middle range theories in nursing are: (1) identification of the theory name, (2) description of the theory-generating approach, (3) grounding in the disciplinary perspective, (4) inclusion of a diagramed model, (5) description of use to guide practice, and (6) description of use to guide research.
What are the three interrelated concepts identified in the Story Theory according to Smith and Liehr (2014)?
The three interrelated concepts identified in the Story Theory according to Smith and Liehr (2014) are intentional dialogue, connecting with self-in-relation, and creating ease.
What are the ten phases of the concept building approach described by Liehr and Smith in the chapter?
The ten phases of the concept building approach described by Liehr and Smith are: 1) identify a theoretical lens, 2) link the concept to existing literature, 3) gather a personal story related to the concept, 4) write a reconstructed story, 5) create a minisaga, 6) identify core qualities, 7) formulate a definition, 8) draw a model of the concept, 9) create a minisynthesis, and 10) suggest a research direction.
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