How did Zoffmann and Kirkevold use qualitative research to develop an intervention?

Zoffmann and Kirkevold used qualitative research by conducting grounded theory studies on barriers to empowerment among patients with diabetes. These qualitative findings led them to develop a problem-solving intervention called Guided Self-Determination (GSD), which was later tested in a randomized controlled trial.

The source explains that Zoffmann and Kirkevold (2012) described how their grounded theory studies on barriers to empowerment among patients with diabetes led to the development of the intervention Guided Self-Determination (GSD). In this process, qualitative insights about patient barriers were used as the basis for designing a problem-solving intervention. After developing GSD from the qualitative findings, the intervention was subsequently evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. Thus, qualitative research served as the foundational work for intervention development, which was then followed by quantitative evaluation.