Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
Beck, Cheryl Tatano Polit, Denise F.
Tenth edition
Questions & Answers from this book
Questions and answers are connected to the referenced book and its available source material.
Chapter 5: Literature Reviews: Finding and Critiquing Evidence
What are the differences between a research problem, a research question, and a hypothesis as defined in the chapter?
In this chapter, a research problem is the broad dilemma or troubling situation that needs investigation and is articulated as a problem statement. A research question narrows that problem into a specific interrogative focus on a phenomenon, group, or relationship. A hypothesis goes further by making a declarative prediction about the expected relationship between variables, usually tested through statistical procedures.
What is a research critique and what are its main purposes in the context of nursing research?
A research critique is an unbiased appraisal of a study's strengths and weaknesses, identifying areas of adequacy and inadequacy. Its main purposes are to support decisions about whether to publish a manuscript, to help students develop critical thinking and research appraisal skills, and to assess the quality of evidence so that conclusions can be drawn about a body of research.
Chapter 13: Data Collection in Quantitative Research
What are the four types of validity in Shadish and colleagues' taxonomy, and what does each type concern?
Shadish and colleagues' taxonomy identifies four types of validity: statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity. Statistical conclusion validity concerns whether an empirical relationship between a presumed cause and effect truly exists. Internal validity concerns whether the independent variable, rather than some other factor, caused the outcome. Construct validity concerns whether the observed persons, settings, and cause-and-effect operations adequately represent the underlying constructs. External validity concerns whether causal inferences generalize across variations in persons, settings, time, and outcome measures.
According to the summary points, what are the three essential components of an experiment (RCT)?
The three essential components are manipulation, control, and randomization. Manipulation means the researcher gives an intervention to some participants, control involves introducing controls such as a comparison group that does not receive the intervention, and randomization means participants are assigned to conditions on a random basis.
Chapter 29: Systematic Reviews of Research Evidence: Meta-Analysis, Metasynthesis, and Mixed Studies Review
Chapter 30: Disseminating Evidence: Reporting Research Findings
Why are conventional power calculations not appropriate for pilot studies, and what alternative method is suggested for estimating sample size in pilot work?
Conventional power calculations are not appropriate for pilot studies because pilot studies do not aim to test hypotheses about intervention outcomes. Instead, experts recommend using confidence intervals around expected feasibility estimates, such as attrition rates, to determine the sample size needed to establish whether a full-scale trial is feasible.
What are the ideal features of an intervention listed in Box 27.1, and which one should never be relaxed even under cost constraints?
The ideal features in Box 27.1 are salient, efficacious, safe, conceptually sound, cost-effective, feasible, developmentally appropriate, culturally sensitive, accessible, acceptable, adaptable, and readily disseminated. The feature that should never be relaxed, even under cost constraints, is salience, meaning the intervention addresses a pressing problem.
Chapter 31: Writing Proposals to Generate Evidence
What are the key components of the Method section in a research proposal according to the text?
The key components of the method-related content in a research proposal, described in the Approach section, are the research design, the experimental intervention if applicable, procedures, the sampling plan, data collection methods and measurement properties, and data analysis strategies. The section should also address potential methodologic problems and, for qualitative studies, steps to enhance trustworthiness.
According to the chapter, what are some common reasons proposals fail, and what strategies are recommended to gain a competitive edge?
Proposals commonly fail when key methodologic decisions lack a clear rationale, when methodologic detail is insufficient, when presentation is poor (e.g., typographical or grammatical errors, poor layout), and when instructions such as page limits are not followed. To gain a competitive edge, the chapter recommends selecting an important problem, knowing your audience, reviewing a successful proposal, creating a strong research team, building a persuasive case, justifying methodologic decisions, paying attention to presentation, and having the proposal critiqued.
You may also be interested in
Anatomy Physiology by Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn
60 questions
Middle Range Theory for Nursing
Mary Jane Smith, PhD, RN, FAAN,Patricia R. Liehr, PhD, RN
40 questions
Oxford Handbook of Adult Nursing, Third Edition
Unknown
37 questions
Fundamentals of Pharmacology: An Applied Approach for Nursing and Health
Alan Galbraith ... [et Al.].
36 questions