In the example from Cutler and Sluman (2014), what were the absolute risks, relative risk reduction, and NNT for ventilator-associated pneumonia before and after the oral hygiene practice change?

In the Cutler and Sluman (2014) example, the absolute risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia was .09 before the oral hygiene practice change and .04 after the change. The relative risk reduction was .53, and the number needed to treat was 21.

The example compared the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 528 patients before the practice change with 559 patients after the change. The absolute risk in the control (before) group was .09, while the absolute risk after the practice change was .04. The relative risk reduction was .53, meaning the intervention reduced the relative risk by 53%, and the NNT was 21, meaning about 21 patients would need to receive the oral hygiene intervention to prevent one case of ventilator-associated pneumonia.